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Introduction: The moral stressor situations is considered one of the issues and problems to professional nurses that can be affected negatively Their function and quality of care, the goal of present study is determining the amount and abundance of moral distress in clinical nurses and related factors in city of Shahroud
Methods: In this Cross-sectional study; 261 nurses that worked in Imam Hussein and Fatemiyeh hospitals of shahroud were studied in 2013-2014. The instrument of collecting data was consisted of demographic and occupational form and Corley moral distress questionnaire. Data were analyzed with using descriptive statics and Pearson correlation coefficient, independent T test and one-way ANOVA statistical tests
Results: The frequency and severity of moral distress in most of nurses was in the medium level and there was observed significant statistically difference between frequency and severity of moral distress in nurses [p<0.001].In the aspect the frequency, emergency and psychiatric nurses and about intensity, nurses working in departments of emergency, orthopedic and ICU reported the highest score of moral distress. There was a significant negative correlation between the age [p<0.001], job experience [p=0.01] and total score of moral distress and There was a significant difference between the type of employment and the moral distress [p<0.05] but there was no significant association between sexuality, marital status and monthly working hours with moral distress [p>0.05]
Conclusion: Considering the prevalence of moral distress among nurses, presenting strategies to reduce according to the terms with any parts is necessary. Provide the necessary training and use of nurses with age more work experience in order to how to cope with moral tension is recommended
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Introduction: due to the chronic condition of diabetes and widespread impact on various aspects of life, changing the traditional approach to empowering education and care patients with diabetes may improve levels of self-care and clinical status of them. The purpose of this study was the finding the relationship between empowerment with knowledge related to disease and indicators of metabolic controls in type 2 diabetic patients
Method: this analytical-descriptive study was conducted on 156 patients with type 2 diabetes in 2013. The data collection tool was a questionnaire to assess knowledge, empowerment assessment questionnaire [DES-28] and test record forms [hemoglobin A1C, fasting and non-fasting blood glucose, cholesterol, triglycerides and high-density and low-density lipoprotein]. Data were analyzed using descriptive statistics and Pearson correlation coefficient
Results: mean age of the patients was 48.11 +/- 6.18 and most of them were female [62.8%]. There was a significant relationship between the mean score for empowerment and knowledge of patients. Also a significant relationship was found between hemoglobin A1C, fasting and non-fasting blood glucose, cholesterol, triglycerides and HDL with empowerment. But, there was not a significant relationship with LDL and patients with higher empowerment
Conclusion: continuous training and increasing the knowledge and Empowerment of patients can may result in a favorable outcome of life in these patients
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Background: Outbreak and spread of bacterial infections resulted in increasing use of antibiotics which subsequently leaded to bacterial resistance to conventional antibiotics
Objectives: To evaluate the effects of organic acids [Selko-pH[R]], Probiotic [PrimaLac[R]] and Echinacea purpurea [EP] alcoholic extract on the immune system of the broiler chickens, a completely randomized design experiment was conducted over 120 one-day-old male broiler chicks [Ross 308] with 4 treatment groups that each treatment consisted of 3 replications with 10 birds in each pen
Methods: Groups were designed as follow: group one received organic acid constantly in drinking water [1:1000 v/v] until 14th day and then received 8 hours in a day consecutively [OA]; group two received Probiotic [PrimaLac[R]] water soluble [by 14[th] day] and mix in the feed [until the end of the rearing period] [PM]; group three received EP alcoholic extract in drinking water [1:1000 v/v] like organic acid group and group four were considered as control [received no feed additives]
Results: All groups except the control increased the relative weight of the spleen and Bursa of Fabricius as lymphoid tissues; however, this increase was statistically significant only in the case of EP group [p
Conclusions: Feed additives used in these experiments have the ability to improve the immune system
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To clone and express Mycobacterium tuberculosis [M. tuberculosis] proteins PE35 and culture filtrate protein [CFP]10 in Mycobacterium vaccae [M. vaccae], and subsequently, evaluate the humoral and cellular immunity responses against these recombinant constructs in mice. The DNA of PE35 and CFP 10 genes were cloned into the shuttle plasmid pDE22, and the recombinant plasmids were electroporated into M. vaccae. The recombinant constructs were then tested for expression of PE35 and CFP10 by Western immunoblotting using rabbit anti-sera. Furthermore, splenocytes and sera from groups of 5 mice immunized with recombinant M. vaccae [rVaccae] were tested for cellular and humoral responses in proliferation, and antibody assays. Experiments were carried out in the laboratory of the Faculty of Medicine, Kuwait University, Safat, Kuwait between 2009 and 2011. The results of Western immunoblot suggested the expression of only PE35. However, splenocyte assays showed positive proliferation in response to peptide pools, and 4 and 5 of the 6 overlapping synthetic peptides covering the sequence of PE35 and CFP10. In addition, positive antibody reactivity was detected with PE35 peptide pool and a single peptide, namely, P2. The expression of PE35 and CFP10 proteins in rVaccae constructs led to the induction of cellular immune responses to multiple epitopes
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Introduction: More than 1000 suicides occur daily worldwide and suicidal attempts occures 10 to 20 times. Identification of risk factors can lead to design preventive interventions to reduce the incidence of suicide. The aim of this study is to determine the association between suicidal ideations and psychosocial characteristics in depressed patients of Razi Hospital in Tabriz
Methods: This descriptive analytical study was conducted in 2013. 80 depressed patients who have suicidal ideation were selected through convinience sampling method. To collect data, a questionnaire consisting of social and mental questionnaire and Beck suicide ideation scale was used. To analyze data, descriptive and inferential statistics was used
Result: The overall results of this study showed that significant relationship was seen between suicide ideation and dimensions and gender, job, education, history and method of suicidal attempt, physical disorders, using non psychotropic drugs [P<0.05]
Conclusion: Regarding the issue that suicidal ideation is an important risk factor for successful suicide and identification of vulnerble groups have important role in suicide prevention; therefore, According the result of study we suggest that female patients with lower education less than diploma that use psychotropic drugs should be further considered as a risk group
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Background: Due to the high prevalence of mental disorders and the effectiveness of ECT, this treatment has been regarded as a useful and effective therapeutic measure. But patients have usually severe anxiety that can affect their mental health. The purpose of this study was to determine the effect of supportive nursing care in reducing anxiety of patients receiving ECT
Methods: This clinical trial was conducted in a Baharan Psychiatric Hospital of Zahedan. A total of 70 cases of patients who received ECT were randomly allocated to control [n = 35] and intervention [n = 35] groups. The data collection tools were demographic characteristics questionnaire, Spielberg State and Trait anxiety inventory [STAI] questionnaire. For the Intervention group the supportive nursing care was delivered by trained nurses on the intellectual, emotional, physical domains. The control group received only routine intervention. The anxiety level was measured and compared pre and post intervention] End sessions ECT] for two groups. The data was analyzed by SPSS using chi-square test, independent t-test and paired t-test and covariance
Results: Results showed that both groups were homogeneous on the socio-demographic differences. The mean state and trait anxiety in the intervention group compared with the control group was significantly reduced [P
Conclusions: The Results confirmed supportive nursing care in reducing state, trait, and all anxiety of patients receiving electroconvulsive therapy. It is recommended to use this method for reducing anxiety in patients receiving ECT
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Proficiency testing schemes as a part of quality system in clinical and research laboratory centers provides the opportunity to evaluate the quality of test results. In this paper, we try to introduce the proficiency testing schemes as a useful method for achieving standardization and homogenization of test results in clinical and research laboratory centers
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Introduction: Stressful and unpredictable conditions in the pre-hospital emergency medical staff by imposing additional psychological pressure can affect and cause serious consequences in the long run. The aim of this study was to determine the burnout, dimensions and its related factors in the operational staff of medicine emergency.
Materials and Methods: This descriptive-correlation study was conducted on 114 operational staff of medicine emergency in Shahroud city. They were selected through convenient sampling method. The instruments used were included personal and professional information form and "Maslach Burnout Questionnaire". Content validity and test- retest reliability were measured. Data was analyzed by SPSS/16.
Findings: Most staff had a moderate level of burnout in terms of reps [53.78%] and severity [43.82%] Burnout [in all dimensions] was the most of the personnel at the moderate level. There was a significant correlation between burnout and age [P<0.001], work experience [P=0.02] and working hours [P<0.001] but no significant correlation between marital status [P=0.18] and educational level [P=0.09].
Conclusion: Burnout among emergency medicine personnel was moderate level. Also it was noted that burnout increases as age and work experience of personnel rises. Education in order to decrease the impact of burnout condition further precaution is suggested.
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Introduction: Nutrition is an important factor in the treatment of patients with chronic renal disease and inappropriate dietary regimen can decrease quality of life and increase morbidity and mortality in these patients. This study was aimed to investigate the effect of diet education on the laboratory parameters in patients undergoing hemodialysis
Method: In this quasi experimental study, 99 patients undergoing hemodialysis were randomly assigned into experimental and control groups. Demographic form and testing checklist was used for data gathering. Dietary face to face education was conducted for experimental group but the control group received routine education. After three months, laboratory variables in patients were evaluated and recorded. Data were analyzed using Chi-squared test, independent T-test and Paired T-test
Results: Demographic variables of the two groups were not significantly different [P>0.05]. There was no significant difference between the values of Hb, FBS, Cr, Na, K, Ca, Phosphor and albumin between two groups before intervention [P>0.05], but after the intervention, there was a significant difference in these laboratory parameters [P<0.05]
Conclusion: Study results indicate positive effects of dietary education on the laboratory indicators in the intervention group compared to the control group. Considering this, dietary education to nurses and other relevant personnel is needed to improve conditions for patients undergoing hemodialysis
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Occupational accident is an unplanned and harmful event which occurs in workplace environments. Among various occupations and activities, large metal industries are the most hazardous industries in the world. This study was designed in one of the Arak metal industries in order to determine the incidence rate of occupational accidents as well as its risk factors. Initially in an incidence study, 873 workers were followed historically to determine the number of accidents since 2005 to 2007. Then the cases were compared with a random sample of workers with no accident [251 workers] in a case control study. After data collection by a structured questionnaire, statistical analysis was conducted using chi-square test, t-test and logistic regression in SPSS software [V.16]. During these three years, 359 accidents had been occurred and the annual incidence rate of accident was equal to 137 per 1000 workers. There was a significant relationship between occurrence of accident and age, work experience, education level, height, and systolic blood pressure as well as shift work [p<0.05].The marital status and number of children were not significant risk factors. Moreover, unsafe practices was the first case of accident, age and educational level were remained in regression model as the most important predictors of incident of occupational accidents. Considering the high frequency rate of accidents and based on our findings, planning and implementation of safety training, modifying non-safe conditions, supplying workers with appropriate standard protective equipment and appropriate facilities are recommended.
Subject(s)
Humans , Risk Factors , Incidence , Metallurgy , Surveys and QuestionnairesABSTRACT
Introduction: Nurse's competency plays an important role in achieving health system objectives. One of the problems in health care system in various countries is the level of nurses' competencies. The aim of this study was to determine clinical competency and psychological empowerment of nurses and their correlation with demographic characteristics
Materials and Methods: In this descriptive-correlational study, 170 subjects were selected through simple random sampling method among the nurses of social security hospitals in Tehran. Data was gathered by the questionnaire with three parts: personal-social characteristics, [Clinical Competency Questionnaire] and [Psychological Empowerment Spreitzer]. Validity and reliability were confirmed in previous studies. Data were analyzed by SPSS/13
Findings: The highest mean score in clinical competency was seen in managerial capabilities dimension [44.41???5.8] and the lowest mean score also was seen in diagnostic procedures dimension [13.94???1.84]
The highest mean score in psychological empowerment was in competency dimension [9.4???1.38] and the lowest mean score also was in independence dimension [8.37???1.72]
In addition, there was a significant correlation between the number of staff in ward, educational status of nurses and some dimensions of clinical competency and psychological empowerment and also between the working experience in current ward and some dimensions of clinical empowerment and clinical work experience and some psychological empowerment dimensions [P<0.05]
Conclusion: Based on the higher rate of managerial capabilities and diagnostic procedures, in opposite of nurses impact and independence, retraining programs, continuing education or in-service education programs for nurses, giving more authority and more responsibility to nurses can promote sense of independence in all nurses
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Acute and chronic hypoxia influence blood glucose levels and decrease body weight. Ghrelin increases appetite and body weight and regulates energy metabolism and also glucose homeostasis. Therefore, in the present study the effects of ghrelin administration on blood glucose, body weight, food intake and hematocrit were investigated in a model of systemic normobaric acute and chronic hypoxia in adult male rats. Forty-eight adult male Wistar rats were divided into six groups [acute control + saline, chronic control + saline, acute or chronic hypoxia + saline, acute or chronic hypoxia + ghrelin [80 microg/kg/day, ip]]. Control groups remained in room air [21% O[2]] and hypoxia [11% O[2]] induced by a normobaric hypoxic chamber for two days [acute] or ten days [chronic]. Blood glucose levels, body weight, food intake and hematocrit were assessed. Chronic hypoxia caused a significant [P<0.001] decrease in blood glucose levels. Administration of ghrelin increased blood glucose levels significantly in acute [P<0.05] and chronic [P<0.01] hypoxia. Body weight decreased [P<0.001] in both acute and chronic hypoxic groups. Administration of ghrelin could [P<0.001] prevent decrease in body weight in chronic hypoxia group. Acute and chronic [P<0.001] hypoxia significantly decreased food intake. Ghrelin however increased food intake in both the acute [P<0.001] and chronic [P<0.05] hypoxia groups. Acute [P<0.01] and chronic [P<0.001] hypoxia also increased hematocrit. Ghrelin administration is useful in modulating blood glucose, body weight and food intake in hypoxic situations
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Statement of Problems: Candida species are the most common fungal pathogen in human's body. Therefore an accurate and immediate treatment seems to be necessary. Nowadays, alternative treatments, such as probiotics, are considered because of the adverse side effects of chemical medications. Probiotics are alive organisms which can be used for medical purposes and are added to different kinds of diary such as yoghurt. Lactobacill Acidophilus [LA] was detected form human's recourses many years ago and nowadays can be found in special kinds of milk, yoghurt, juice and food complementories
Purpose: In this study we are to compare the effect of conventional pasteurized and lactobacillus acidophilus- fortified pasteurized yoghurt on Candida Albicans in vitro
Materials and Method: Candida Albicans was isolated from 30 oral candidasis patients, cultured and prepared as standard suspension. Probiotic powder of LA in MRS Media after 24hrs led to 5x10[9] lactobacillus. LAfortified yoghurt was prepared via adding lactobacills into 250 ml of pasteurized boiled milk after 8hrs in 37[degree]c. We prepared 3 tubes and added standard suspension of Candida in each of them. Adding sterile yoghourt, conventional pasteurized yoghurt and LAfortified yoghurt to the tubes respectively, we put them in 35[degree]c incubator for 48 hrs. We added the content of each tube in Sabouraud agar media and incubated in 25[degree]c for 72 hrs and then counted the colonies
Results: There was a significant difference between the mean of colonies in each group during 5 days [p = 0, df = 4] and also on each day [p = 0, df = 2]
Conclusion: L.A. can inhibit colonization of Candida in vitro. In this study the most of Candida colonies were in the sterile yoghurt and the least of them were in LA fortified yoghurt
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Recurrent aphthous stomatitis [RAS] appears to be the most common type of oral ulcers. The lesion is usually self limited but its painful presentation results in some difficulties. Therefore, an efficient therapeutic strategy is required and currently existing therapies seem to be inadequate because of its unclear etiology. Here the therapeutic effect of triamcinolone acetonide ointment as a relatively expensive medication has been compared with phenytoin syrup on aphthous ulcers in patients with Behcet's syndrome. Thirty out of 60 our patients with Behcet's syndrome were randomly treated by phenytoin syrup and the remaining were advised to use 0.1% triamcinolone acetonide ointment. After a week, they were visited again to determine the status of aphthous ulcers. Positive response in the triamcinolone acetonide group and phenytoin group was 86.7% and 53.3%, respectively. The effectiveness of triamcinolone acetonide ointment was more than phenytoin on aphthous ulcers in patients with Behcet's syndrome
Subject(s)
Humans , Female , Male , Behcet Syndrome/therapy , Phenytoin/administration & dosage , Phenytoin , Triamcinolone Acetonide , Triamcinolone Acetonide/administration & dosage , Stomatitis, Aphthous/etiologyABSTRACT
Statement of Problem: Psychosomatic factors and their association with dermatological disorders are well recognized; yet, their importance in oral lichen planus [OLP] is still debated
Purpose: This study was done to determine the importance of stress in patients with OLP
Materials and Method: In this cross-sectional case control study, the control group consisted of 47 apparently healthy patients without any mucosal lesion, and the experimental group consisted of 52 biopsy proven OLP subjects [28 erosive lichen planus and 24 reticular form] which were age and sex matched with the control group. They were referred to department of oral medicine in Tabriz University of Medical Science during May 2008-July 2008. The General Health Questionnaire-version 12 [GHQ-12] and the Perceived Stress Scale [PSS] were used to evaluate stress in OLP patients and control group. The data were analyzed through Kruskal-Wallis and Man Whitney tests. P value less that 0.05 was considered as significant
Results: The patients with erosive lichen planus had significantly more stress [Z = 4.123; p < 0.05] than the controls. Similar findings were noted between the reticuler lichen planus and control group [Z = 5.891; p < 0.05]. However, the differences in stress [Z = 2.248; p > 0.05]was found to be non-significant between the patients with erosive lichen planus and reticular form
Conclusion: A significantly higher level of stress was found in the OLP patients [both erosive and reticular form] than the control group, but no significant difference was noted between the patients with erosive lichen planus and reticular form. Therefore it can be concluded that psychological stressors play an important role in the creating OLP
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Geographic tongue [GT] is a fairly common and usually asymptomatic disorder that is often detected on routine dental examinations. Characteristic lesions appear as multiple, well-demarcated zones of erythema, concentrated at the tip and lateral borders of tongue. Although the etiology of the condition is unknown, it may be related to stress. The purpose of this study was to evaluate the association between GT and stress. This study was performed on 60 patients with GT and 60 patients without GT. All the patients filled a questionnaire and a psychologist evaluted them. The total mean score of stress was 19.8 in GT group and 15.8 in the control group. According to the results, there is an association between stress and GT. Decreasing stress in GT patients can lead to the healing of the lesion. Other factors that may be associated with GT should be studied in future
Subject(s)
Humans , Male , Female , Stress, PsychologicalABSTRACT
Candida vaginitis is the second common cause of vaginitis and Candida albicans is cause of 90 percent of vaginal fungal infections. Because antifungal drugs are among the cheapest vaginal drugs, this study was performed to evaluate and compare clinical and paraclinical diagnosis of Candida vaginitis in women referred to health care centers in Shahrood cityfrom 2004 to 2007. This descriptive-analytic research was performed on 300 women with vaginitis infections who were referred to the Shahrood city health care centers. Two samples of secretions were taken from both endocervix and exocervix using speculum and spread on two glass slides and then one sample was taken from posterior culdesac secretions with a cotton soup and entered into a tube containing sterilized physiological serum. A questionnaire was filled out by a midwife for every patient. Standard laboratory methods [cultures, Pap smear, wet smear and etc.] were used to evaluate the samples and the second questionnaire was filled out by the midwife. Finally, results were analyzed by statistical methods. Based on clinical results, 132 persons [44%] had Candida infection, but the infection was not proved by cell culture in 30 patients [10%], and wet smear in 111 persons [37%]. No Candida infection was found in cytology survey. Based on clinical results, vaginal pH was measured 5.01. The amount of pH was found 5.52, 5.8 and 5.71 based on wet smear cell cultures and Pap smear, respectively. The physical examination sensitivity for detecting vaginal candidiasis was 63.33% compared to the cell culture. The results of this study show that some para-clinical examinations should be considered for diagnosis of vaginal candidiasis. These para-clinical experiments help to prevent and reduce the side effects of some unnecessary medications
Subject(s)
Male , Female , Candida albicans , Physical Examination , Surveys and Questionnaires , Antifungal Agents , Vaginal SmearsABSTRACT
The effects of teaching communication skills using a specific model on nursing students' skill in communicating with mental patients has less been a subject of investigation. The aim of this study was to determine the effect of a communication skills' teaching model on nursing students' communicating with mental patients. This quasi-experimental study was conducted as pretest-posttest design, on 49 senior nursing students in two groups of control [24 students] and experiment [25 students]. After performing the pretest of communication skills, both groups spent 12 days of clinical education for communication skills. The experiment group was taught using the mentioned model and the students of control group had the traditional training. After finishing the educational course, students' progress in communication skills in the two groups was compared. An integrated checklist was used for gathering data. Students' skills in interviewing mental patients were observed and the results were analyzed by SPSS software using Wilcoxon and MannWittney tests. Both methods of training improved students' communication skills with mental patients. Comparing the two methods, the mentioned training model showed a significantly higher level of improvement in nursing students' communication skills. In spite of the significant effect of the mentioned model on improving nursing students' communi-cation skills, due to the lack of enough evidence in this regard, conducting further studies in this area is recommended
Subject(s)
Humans , Communication , Psychotic Disorders , Education , Students, Nursing , Mentally Ill PersonsABSTRACT
Ehlers-Danlos syndrome [EDS] is a rare syndrome, primarily diagnosed by clinical findings and family history. The clinical manifestations of EDS in the orofacial region consist of extra-oral and intra-oral manifestations. Its prognosis depends on the [sub] type and the proper, early diagnosis of the syndrome. The purpose of the present paper is to discuss the manifestations of this syndrome, especially its oral manifestations, and to present a case
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Humans , Male , Oral ManifestationsABSTRACT
Psychosocial factors are thought to play a role in burning mouth syndrome [BMS] and several therapeutic approaches for BMS are based on this consideration. This paper evaluated the efficacyof the combined systemic administration of citalopram and clonazepam, as anti-depressant and anti-anxiety drugs, in the management of burning mouth syndrome and reduction of the burning sensation. In this cross-sectional study, 80 subjects suffering from idiopathic burning mouth syndrome were enrolled. The patients underwent a thorough clinical examination. Oral symptoms before and after treatment were assessed using a Visual Analogue Scale. The mean duration of burning in our patients was 7 months. Systemic combination of citalopram [20mg/daily] and clonazpam [0.25 mg/daily] was prescribed for all of them for 8 weeks. Then, the data were analysed, using Student's t-test. Of the 62 patients who completed the protocol, 38 reported complete remission of the oral burning sensation. However, 20 patients reported a little improvement, and four of them reported no improvement. These data suggest that citaloperam with colonazpam is effective in patients with BMS